29 Aug 2016 . 1pm . Mon : Site Survey : Revision

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Explain why architects prefers to use metric in comparison to imperial unit of measurement.
more accurate. 


Explain what are the common scales and drawing features represented in a Topography or Lanscape map?
1:1250 - 1: 2500

What is the dimension sketch in comparison to field sketch 
dimensioned sketch takes the field sketch one tep further. the aim is to annotete your sketch plaln with accurate meaurements to show wall lengths and thickenss. it should include all the necessary dimentsions for someone who has not seen the building to understand it and if required, construct a scle drawing. sketches should be neat, in proportion and large enought to allow the  ..

Explain how scale helps to record the measuremetns and facts of measured oject accurately.
its imposible to draw 1:1 
purpose of scal is to be ableto accurately represent spaces, objects or even graphics to a smller, more pratica ...

Elaborate in your own understanding why it is not a good practice to label dimensions on drawing in such manner as shown below. 
Dimesioning symebols that crosses each othr confuses which dimesnion belongs to which part of the drawings
dimentioning tlabeled too close to the drawing of the building can be confuse as an object ....

Explain what kind of information you can gather and learn from existing maps for land surveying
history , underground infrastructure and facilities.


Elaborate in your own understanding why we need to draw to scale and what tools helps us to do so.
its not possible to draw life size of a large object such as a building. it will be too big a task to do so ad impossible to store or bring the drawing that size around. In order to draw to scale, accurate measurement of the sutdy object will be recorded manually and with the aid of a scale ruler, theis information ...

Elaborate what is Absolute ( mean ) Sea Levels, and explain why designers sometimes do not indicate building floor levels using Absolute ( Mean ) Sea Levels
Absoulute ( mean ) Sea Levels are averaged out of low and higt tide of the sea
sometime designer are not provided with the actual sea levels, namely Absolute ( mean ) Sea Levels hence designers will assign the Relative Sea Levels on the drawings to indicate the relative floor levels.


Elaborate how to conduct a linear measurements using pacing

Some building roofed set out roofs in metric, the vast majority still use imperial measurement due to the practice of roofing being a trade that is passed down from one generation to the next. give your own opinion on what kind of construction defects may occur with conversion of metric to imperial unit of measurement in this case.
most roofers will try and set out to the nearest quarters inch. if required they will work to n eighth of an inch, but few will work to sixteenth of an inch. with metric measurement most roofers will set out to the nearest 5mm. if they are required they will set out to 1mm. setting-out is multiple ....



Explain what are the common scales and drawing features represented

explain how drawi

Elaborate what is a Bar Scale shown on a map and explain how it helps to understand the map.

Explain what are some of the key information




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29 Aug 2016 . 1030am . Mon . Building Tech 1 : Final Revision

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Part A ( 20% ) - Critical Question
4 questions ( 5 marks each )
Part B ( 30% )
Choose 6 out of 7 questions ( 5 marks each question )
one of the question require sketching
reminder : Bring ruler to draw in propositional scale

State what is reqired o following starcase elements in uniform building by law
width of stairways 825 - 900 / 800mm
landings - width - < 16 riser
height of guardian -  825 -900mm
handrails - 30 mm diameter
riser - less or same 180 mm

Elaborate what is the nature of a building to tits occupants
create an adequate indorr environment; protection from external weather or noise, provision of comfortable ....

Explain how uniform and differential settlement occurred and what affect this has on a building
uniform settlement : where settling occurs at roughtly the same rate throughtout all parts of a buiding
differential settlement : likely to occur where soil types, building load...

Elaborate how damp proof courses can resist moisture penetration to a building
4 ways of using damp proof courses
resist moisture peneration from soild below
resist moisture penetrationfrom above ( roof, opening, veranda)
resist moisutre penera ...

illustrate how structural funtions of loads react through the cavity wall foundation
need to draw out to elaborate

what are the key advatages of prefabricated reinforced concrete suspended beam and block floor systems.
advantages are
buiding eleements can be easily manipulated on site without adddtional site fabrications
prebaricaed buiding elemens can avoid we trads on site
no oversite concrete layer. air bricks or sl
better


sketch and elaborate the design and construction of a proper risers and treads including the nosing details
set back - safe the place
sketching

explain what are the key functions and requirement of a roof
structure element

what is the function of "tanking " and how is it important?

explain how door sill or threshold functions as a building element.
preventing dust
access to wheel chair

Draw and Fill in the blank of the staircase structure

Explain twhat is the key function of the strucal sysemt
2 element

what are 3 the common methods taken during the condttion of  abioding on a steep slope site in pretection from tthe lateral

explain what is flashing and itss key function to a building
srip of impeervious sheet of material or prefomed profile laid in constrction t oprojec

illustrate how various made of water can penetrate into a buiding ubstrcuture

explain how steel reinforcement roads are ncorporated and strenghen the tensil strength of the concrete floor slab

use the uniform building by law as a guideline to sketch and elaborate a fire staircase

Give example and elaborate what are the key functions of rain water drainage

explain how external wall provides a comfortable interior environment to the users
vertical elements of buiding
provide protection against wind, rain and daily and seasonal variations of outside temperature. 

comparing traditional and modern form of suspended floor systems and explain its may influence how an architect design a suspended floor system for building.

traditional form of a timber floor amore costly due to material and labour cost.

fill in the blank for the roof system
roof tile
patern
rafter
gutter
DPM
eave

explain by giving examples what are the key function of a building structual system

explain why consolidated road or bedrock is an ideal soil condition for a building foundation
consolidated rock or bedrock is a dense, contihuous mass of mineral materials that can only be removed ......

illustrate and explain how thermal insulation should be applied to external facade of a building

elaborate how to provide thermal and sound insulation to a timber floor system when it is suffering from major temperature changes and noise pollution to the interior spaces

sketch and elaborate the design and construction of a proper handrails of a staircase.

 elaborate what are the advantages and disadvantages of flat and slope / pitch roof
flat -become more usable, modern image, green roofs improve thermal efficiency.
vulnerable to water, adsorbs more solar heat, expensive, need more support depending on usage
 slope or pitch roof -









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Exam Revision

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Last Minutes

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24 Aug 2016 . 230pm . Wed . Building Tech 1 : Resit Exam

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Principle of Motivtion : From Karen

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Principal of Management : From Valsala

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REVISION – Principal of Management
1. Define management.                                                                                                  
2. Why do organizations need managers?                                                                    
3. List and explain the three (3) levels of planning in an organization.                         
4. List and explain the type of skill.                                                                          
5. List and explain the three (3) roles of the manager as outlined by Mintzberg.        
6. List and explain the four (4) major function of management                                     
7. Explain why planning and organizing is an important managerial function.             
8. Differentiate between  a mission statement and vision statement. Provide examples.     
9. Differentiate between centralization and decentralization.                                         
10. How important is good leadership to an organization?                                            
11. Differentiate the styles of leadership between autocratic, democratic and laissez-fire.
12. What does the acronym SMART refer to in the context of goal setting?                 
13. Explain why it is important to study management.
14. Describe three (3) steps of delegation and the advantages of delegation.                
15. What is management by objective (MBO). Identify the major steps in management by objective
      (MBO) process.                                                                                                       
16.Explain six (6) barriers to effective planning.                                                                    
17. Discuss six (6) overcoming barriers to effective planning.                                               
18. Draw and describe the types of control.                                                                  
19. Draw and explain Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory.                                          
20. Define Theory X and Theory Y and create a comparison of Theory X and Theory Y.   
21

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26 August 2016 . 11am . Friday . Moral Studies : Revision : From Valsala

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REVISION - Moral
1. Define morality and ethics?         
 
 Morals  道德

  • moralitas derive from Latin word meaning manner, proper behavior 
  • specifically synonymous with "goodness" or "rightness."
  • principles of right and wrong in personal behavior 
  • a personal standard of beliefs concerning what to accept and not to accept for them to do. 
  • all these judgement * are religion-based, culturally-based & personal-based 
  • its more abstract &subjective.
what is judgement*? right or wrong, accept or not accept; goodness or badness

Ethics 伦理
  •  ethos derive from Greek work meaning custom, habit, character or disposition.  
  • moral philosophy  道德哲学
  • branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles 
  • concepts of ethics have been derived from religions, cultures and philosophies 
  • ethic is governing  a person's / group's behavior 
  • conceived 设想 as shared principles promoting fairness in social and business interactions业务交互.   
  • ethics are more practical, 
  • three areas: metaethics, normative ethics and applied ethics 
           
2. Define tribal morality 部落道德 and territorial morality领土道德. Provide examples in your explanation.     
Territorial Morality

wilayah / daerah - tidak harap daerah, kawasan, hak miliknya yang dibawah perlindungannya diganggu atau diceroboh. Pada masa yang sama, dia orang juga tidak setuju, wilayah orang lain diceroboh dan diganggu.

predominantly (主要 terutamanya ) negative and proscriptive 剥夺人权的 ( melucutkan hak-hak asasi manusia ). It defines a person's territory, including his or her property and dependents, which is not to be damaged or interfered with. Apart from these proscriptions, territorial morality is permissive, allowing the individual whatever behaviour does not interfere with the territory of another

 By contrast, tribal ( puak ) morality is prescriptive指令性的, imposing ( mengenakan ) the norms of the collective on the individual. These norms will be arbitrary (随意 sewenang-wenangnya ), culturally dependent ( bergantung kepada budaya ) and 'flexible', whereas territorial morality aims at rules which are universal and absolute, such as Kant's 'categorical imperative' and Geisler's graded absolutism. Green relates the development of territorial morality to the rise of the concept of private property, and the ascendancy of contract over status.

3. Distinguish between immoral 不道德,放荡 and amoral 不道德 , 非道德 ? Give examples.                        


Immoral dan amoral nampaknya ada persammaanya. Sebenarnya dia ada perbezaan yang jelas.  Immoral adalah melakukan sesuatu yang salah sedangkan sudah menyedarinya adalah satu kesalahan. contoh adalah rasuah. Immoral jelasnya adalah sudah salah. Amoral adalah melakukan sesuatu yang tak semestinya salah ataupun betul. Sebab dia tak menyedarinya adalah salah atau betul. Contoh adalah bayi yang baru dilahir.

Immorality is the active opposition to morality example : corrupt, unethical, sinful, or just wrong
amorality is variously defined as an unawareness of, indifference toward, or disbelief in any set of moral standards or principles

Comparison Chart

Amoral Immoral
Unconcerned with morality or having lack of moral sense Deliberately violating rules/codes of society
Does not know what is right or wrong Knows what is right or wrong
Doesn’t necessarily mean bad or wrong Dictates against bad or wrong actions


4. Explain the meaning of the virtues 美德 kebaikan


-   “duty” or “virtue.” It means acting correctly toward other men and God Source:
- behavior showing high moral standards.
- A virtue is a trait or quality deemed to be morally good and thus is valued as a foundation of principle and good moral being. Personal virtues are characteristics valued as promoting collective and individual greatness. The opposite of virtue is vice.

sifat dan kelakuan yang dianggap mempunyai nilai nilai moral yang tinggi. Makanya ia dikatakan sebagai nilai asas and prinsip seseorang. Yang bertentangan dengan kelakuan yang baik adalah maksiat,
                  
5. The word “Casuist” is derived from Latin “Case”. Describe Casuist.   花招     
the use of clever but unsound reasoning, especially in relation to moral questions
who attempts to resolve moral dilemmas by the application of general rules and the careful distinction of special cases 
orang yang pandai menyelasaikan masalah mengenai moral tetapi dengan cara yang agak luar biasa.
6. Differentiate between Deontic judgments 道义判断 and  Aretaic judgment 德性的判断. Provide examples in your

http://www.ocms.be/info_8417761_difference-between-aretaic-deontic-ethics.html

People use ethical theories every day to make decisions about right and wrong, usually without knowing the name of the ethical theory they're using. Situations come up in which it can be hard to make a good decision, because every ethical theory has both strong points and weak points.

should always strive to bring about good consequences, rather than simply obeying an arbitrary set of ethical rules. The strong point of consequentialism is that it provides a clear and easy-to-understand guideline. Consequentialism = Aretaic Judgement

arete derive from Greek words mean virtue or excellent. when we make aretaic judegment, we can says certainly that person motive, intention & trait of character are morally good, bad, virtuous, vicious, 

example 1
consequentialism would tell you not to drink and drive because it could have negative consequences for both yourself and other people. The weak point of consequentialism is that it can lead to conclusions that almost everyone would find unethical. 

example 2
even if the death of one person could save ten people through organ donations, hardly anyone would advocate killing a person for that reason.


deon derive from Greek words mean duty.  when we make deontic judgement. we can say certainly that person action is morally right, wrong, obligation. Some people believe that right is right and wrong is wrong, regardless of the consequences. The strong point of deontology is that it is much harder to use it to rationalize an unethical decision than consequentialism is.

example 1
you could argue that if you steal a million dollars but donate most of it to charity, you are doing more overall good than if you didn't steal the money. Deontology would not allow this argument -- stealing is wrong and that's all there is to it. The weak point of deontology is that it doesn't always address extreme situations where most people would be willing to grant an ethical exception.

example 2
a deontologist who was also a pacifist could argue that it is always wrong to use violence, but most people would make an exception in cases of self-defense.


God Told Me To

Many people base their ethical decisions on the principles of a particular religion, often in the belief that they are obeying the will of God. This position is known as divine command ethics. The strength of this ethical position is that it can help a person overcome her own ethical weak points. For instance, a person with a lot of anger may choose not to act on that anger because Jesus said to turn the other cheek. The disadvantage of this ethical theory is that it is unclear whether an action commanded by God is supposed to be good for its own sake or solely because God is believed to have ordered it. If the action is good for its own sake, it must be explained in terms of one of the other ethical theories. If it is good solely because God commanded it, then the question becomes, What if God commanded something reprehensible?

The Buddhas of Bamiyan in Afghanistan was destroy by Tabliban in 2008.

Virtue ethics is a less-common but very ancient approach to making ethical decisions. Instead of focusing on the decision being made, virtue ethics concentrates on the person making the decision.

example 1
a consequentialist might argue that you should risk your life to save a drowning person because it would make him and his family happier if you saved him, but virtue ethics would say that you should try to rescue him because it is courageous and you should aspire to be a courageous person. The strength of virtue ethics is that it addresses the inner life of the person making ethical decisions rather than simply providing a guide for behavior. The weak point of virtue ethics is that different people have different ideas about which virtues a person should cultivate.

                                                                                                            
7. Lying is  universally accepted bad moral value. Justify why lying is immoral and unethical.


8. List the five (5) fundamental moral values according to Haidt’s "Moral Foundations Theory”.                    

Jonathan Haidt has come up with a definition of Morality that is quite useful. He used secular means (the scientific method) to arrive at what he considered a sound foundation for Morality (which he denotes as synonymous with Ethics). He has reduced Morality to be comprised of five basic components.

  a)Harm / Care
  b) Fairness / Reciprocity
  c) In-group / Loyalty
  d) Authority / Respect
  e) Purity / Sanctity ( Kesucian )

                                                                                                                                  
9. State and explain:
            a) Extrinsic values and Intrinsic values
            b) Subjective values and objective values
            c) Relative values and Absolute values                  
                                                       
10. State the three (3) sources, principles of determinants and provide the example of each point.                      
                          
11.”Actions are ethical and legal, but not moral”, for example, abortion. Do you agree or
     disagree with this statement? Justify your answers.                
                                         
12. “Discrimination happens in all facets of public life.” Share a discriminative incident that you
     have experienced as an employee. Why do you classify it as a case of discrimination?

Man is responsible for moral behavior. Explain why?

Morality presupposes ( 前提 / Andaikan ) a person. Discuss.



in group and out group
Some observers hold that individuals apply distinct sets of moral rules to people depending on their membership of an "in-group" (the individual and those they believe to be of the same culture or race) or an "out-group" (people not entitled to be treated according to the same rules). Some biologists, anthropologists and evolutionary psychologists believe this in-group/out-group discrimination has evolved because it enhances group survival.

This belief has been confirmed by simple computational models of evolution.[11] In simulations this discrimination can result in both unexpected cooperation towards the in-group and irrational hostility towards the out-group.[12] Gary R. Johnson and V.S. Falger have argued that nationalism and patriotism are forms of this in-group/out-group boundary. Jonathan Haidt has noted[13] that experimental observation indicating an in-group criterion provides one moral foundation substantially used by conservatives, but far less so by liberals.

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