24 June 2016, 9am, Friday : English For Social Skill Chapter 4 : Public Speaking and Communication

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Public Speaking as a form of communication

1. Dyadic communication : communication between 2 people
2. Small group communication : small number of people who can see and speak directly with each other.  
3. Mass communication : a speak and a large audience of unknown people
4. Public speaking : a speaker delivers a message with a specific purpose to an audience who are present during delivery. 

What is the similarities between public speaking and other forms of communication?

• like small group communication, public speaking requires you to clearly address issues that are relevant to the topic and occasion
• like mass communication, you have to appeal to a listener's interest, attitudes and values
• like in conversations, you have to attempt to make yourself understood, involve and respond to the listeners and take responsibility for what you say.

What is difference between public speaking and other forms of communication?

• Feedback in public speaking is more restrictive
• preparation must be careful and extensive
• the degree of formality tends to be higher

Public Speaking and the Communication Process
communication is an interactive process in which people exchange and interpret messages with one another

Element of communication
special speaker consideration
speech, context, goal and outcome

Elements of Communication
source : person who creates a message - encoding - physical process of delivering a message
receiver : recipient of the source's message - decoding - process of interpreting speaker's message
message : content of the communication process, thought and ideas

Elements of Communication
Channel : medium through which the speaker sends a message
Noise : interference that serves as a barrier to communication
Audience Perspective : need, Attitude, and values of the audience
Sharing Meaning : mutual understanding of a message between speaker and audience.


Special Speaker Consideration

1. Speech context: Factors that influence the audience, the speech or the occasion
2. Main a clear focus on your goal
3. Make sue afterward that you have accomplished the goal you set out to reach

Remark : Speaker must reach or achieve the outcome

Learning to speak in public

1. Draw on familiar skills
2. Recognize public speaking's unique requirements
3. Aim to become a culturally sensitive speaker
4. Public speaking is a acquired skill - people have to devote time and effort to improvement

Draw on familiar skills

1. there are many skills to public speaking that you have used unknowingly throughout your life, in conversation and writing.

2. Writing and public speaking have many similarities

• each require a focused sense of the audience
• each require research and documentation
• both use effective transitions
• both rely on persuasion

3 .Conversation and public speaking also have many similarities
both require the speaker to consider the audience, the topic and the occasion
however, conversation is more informal, public speaking requires formal language.

Recognize public speaking unique requirements
use familiar words and straightforward syntax
use a conversational tone along with a formal style

Aim to become a culturally sensitive speaker
recognize and appreciate all forms of diversity
create a sense of inclusion
avoid ethnocentrism : the belief that the way of one's own culture are superior to those of other cultures

Remark : ethnocentrism is origin from ethnic

Classical roots in public speaking
rhetoric : the practice of oratory
the cannons of rhetoric : the five part process of preparing a speech

invention - adapting to the audience
arrangement - organizing the speech
style - language choice ( sense of humor )
memory - practicing the speech
delivery - vocal and nonvocal behavior

Remark : Rhetoric : the art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing. Oratory : type of public speaking